#Tiny Facts#

95% of the human brain is been controlled by the subconscious mind. The subconscious mind lives in present. It has no future or past. It doesn't understand good or bad things. It records everything in our daily activities. Hence, don't ever try to think in a negative way at all.

Bhagvadgita:- Part 26

अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम्।
तत्र प्रयाता गच्छन्ति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदो जनाः

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Soul passing away during bright fortnight of the moon, in presence of Agni reaches to his destination.

धूमो रात्रिस्तथा कृष्णः षण्मासा दक्षिणायनम्।
तत्र चान्द्रमसं ज्योतिर्योगी प्राप्य निवर्तते

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Soul passing away during the dark fortnight of moon attains moon planet for time being.

शुक्लकृष्णे गती ह्येते जगतः शाश्वते मते।
एकया यात्यनावृत्तिमन्ययाऽऽवर्तते पुनः

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - There are two paths of leaving the world. Path of light and the darkness. On the path of darkness, one returns while on the path of light, one does not.

 

नैते सृती पार्थ जानन्योगी मुह्यति कश्चन।
तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु योगयुक्तो भवार्जुन

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Knowledge of both paths clear everything.

वेदेषु यज्ञेषु तपःसु चैव
दानेषु यत्पुण्यफलं प्रदिष्टम्।
अत्येति तत्सर्वमिदं विदित्वा
योगी परं स्थानमुपैति चाद्यम्

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Yogi attains my spiritual eternal power through devotion, sacrifices, charity, and study.

श्री भगवानुवाच
इदं तु ते गुह्यतमं प्रवक्ष्याम्यनसूयवे।
ज्ञानं विज्ञानसहितं यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात्

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Arjuna. I have always considered you as my friend. I will tell you the secrets of how to stay away from the effects of material existence.

 

राजविद्या राजगुह्यं पवित्रमिदमुत्तमम्।
प्रत्यक्षावगमं धर्म्यं सुसुखं कर्तुमव्ययम्

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Knowledge of science is a powerful weapon in the world.

अश्रद्दधानाः पुरुषा धर्मस्यास्य परन्तप।
अप्राप्य मां निवर्तन्ते मृत्युसंसारवर्त्मनि

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - People who don’t believe in dharma will be born again and again.

मया ततमिदं सर्वं जगदव्यक्तमूर्तिना।
मत्स्थानि सर्वभूतानि न चाहं तेष्ववस्थितः

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Entire world is under my invisible force. Every individual is dependent on me and I am independent.

न च मत्स्थानि भूतानि पश्य मे योगमैश्वरम्।
भूतभृन्न च भूतस्थो ममात्मा भूतभावनः

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - I am not at all influenced by any material offerings. I am the creator and the maintainer of the world.

 

यथाऽऽकाशस्थितो नित्यं वायुः सर्वत्रगो महान्।
तथा सर्वाणि भूतानि मत्स्थानीत्युपधारय

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - All human beings are found inside me and I am found in them.

सर्वभूतानि कौन्तेय प्रकृतिं यान्ति मामिकाम्।
कल्पक्षये पुनस्तानि कल्पादौ विसृजाम्यहम्

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Every soul meets me at the end of their cycle, and I send them back at the beginning of their next birth cycle.

 

प्रकृतिं स्वामवष्टभ्य विसृजामि पुनः पुनः।
भूतग्राममिमं कृत्स्नमवशं प्रकृतेर्वशात्

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - I hold all the energy in this universe as my will, and I create and destroy all the material forms.

 

न च मां तानि कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनञ्जय।
उदासीनवदासीनमसक्तं तेषु कर्मसु

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Arjuna, Be like me. Silent observer, detached person.

मयाऽध्यक्षेण प्रकृतिः सूयते सचराचरम्।
हेतुनाऽनेन कौन्तेय जगद्विपरिवर्तते

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - I am responsible for construction, destruction and maintenance of the world.

 

अवजानन्ति मां मूढा मानुषीं तनुमाश्रितम्।
परं भावमजानन्तो मम भूतमहेश्वरम्

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - People who do not believe me, are fools. They should know that I am supreme.

 

 To be continued.....

Kaushik

 

 

 

Impact of COVID on manufacturing

Effect of COVID-19 on manufacturing plants?

1.     2020 arrived with the unbelievable pandemic disease ‘COVID-19’ proving the threat to the entire mankind and life.

2.     The arrival of ‘COVID-19’ has impacted everything on earth.

3.     Impact on manufacturing sector was huge.

4.     COVID is a transmission which is transmitted rapidly amongst human beings.

5.     Industry especially small scale and medium scale are fully dependent on the man-power utilization.

6.     With the arrival of COVID, all the industries stopped their working. This impacted their revenue.

7.     I.T industry was running on work from home basis. But work from home was not possible in manufacturing. All the small scale and medium scale industries need manpower for their daily activities.

8.     People are required to run the machines in the manufacturing field in the small-scale industry. In absenteeism of the people, daily production was stopped. It also impacted the daily sale. Also, the manpower is required for logistics. Hence, in absenteeism of manpower, it was not possible to run the logistics. This had an impact on logistics.

9.     Small scale and medium scale had reduced sales in the financial years. It also affected their customers which indirectly affected the market. Ex. A small scale industry supplying the parts required for air-compressor was unable to run due to absenteeism of people. Due to this, they were unable to dispatch the parts to their HVAC customer. This resulted in the drop in production of compressors. It further affected the production and sale of ‘A/C’ at their customer end. Since parts are not supplied at a time, they are not been launched in the market hence it affected the entire supply chain line of manufacturing.

10. Due to drop in sales, many manufacturing plants are reducing their manpower.

11. Since the logistics were affected, many foundries had a shortage of raw material. Fixed cost was almost the same.

12. As many machines were not used during the lockdown period, it increased the maintenance cost later.

13. As there was lesser man-power due to COVID restrictions, it imposed much stress on people to work more.

14. Reduction in the cash flow was the biggest impact on all manufacturing plants.

15. Drop in the sales resulted in a drop in the revenue and it further had an impact on the economy.

16. COVID resulted in all the manufacturing sector to use technologies to cope up with the situation.

17. Industries who were less dependent on the manpower, who had started using the 4.0 technology and automation for their daily production work had less impact on COVID.

 

Bhagvadgita:- Part25

अनन्यचेताः सततं यो मां स्मरति नित्यशः।
तस्याहं सुलभः पार्थ नित्ययुक्तस्य योगिनः

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - For a true karma yogi, who remembers me, I never disappoint him.

 

मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम्।
नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Greatest souls who achieve me through their actions, get freedom from the cycle of birth and death and they never return to experience the material desires.

 

आब्रह्मभुवनाल्लोकाः पुनरावर्तिनोऽर्जुन।
मामुपेत्य तु कौन्तेय पुनर्जन्म न विद्यते

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - When you reach to my spiritual level, you never take the rebirth.

 

सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः।
रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Day of Lord Brahma has thousand yugas and night also consist of another thousand yugas.

 

अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तयः सर्वाः प्रभवन्त्यहरागमे।
रात्र्यागमे प्रलीयन्ते तत्रैवाव्यक्तसंज्ञके

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - All the living beings come to existence during lord Brahmas day and they dissolve during his night period.

 

भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते।
रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - During the day and the night of Brahma, living beings are repeatedly devastated.

 

परस्तस्मात्तु भावोऽन्योऽव्यक्तोऽव्यक्तात्सनातनः।
यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु नश्यत्सु न विनश्यति

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Beyond the creation and the destruction there is another beautiful world.

 

अव्यक्तोऽक्षर इत्युक्तस्तमाहुः परमां गतिम्।
यं प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते तद्धाम परमं मम

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - That another world after the destruction is the superior world. My world.

पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्यया।
यस्यान्तःस्थानि भूतानि येन सर्वमिदं ततम्

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - You can meet the supreme almighty through pure devotion.

 

यत्र काले त्वनावृत्तिमावृत्तिं चैव योगिनः।
प्रयाता यान्ति तं कालं वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ

Translation: - Krishna to Arjuna: - Now listen carefully how the time of death determines whether yogi will achieve ultimate serenity, or he will take birth again?

Key points (Krishna to Arjuna):-

·        I never disappoint the people who remember me.

·        Souls who have the spirituals levels at my level never take the birth again.

·        Meet me with the devotion.

·        World after the destruction is beautiful free from material desires.

·        Lord Brahmas day and night have a thousand yugas.

·        Human beings take birth during the day time of Lord Brahma.

      To be continued...

     Kaushik

 

PPAP ( Production part approval process)

PPAP (Production part approval process)

Production part approval process is a valuable tool that develops confidence in the component manufacturers and their suppliers. PPAP is the risk identification process. PPAP ensures better communication between supplier and manufacturer about the product.

 

1. PPAP is the outcome of APQP.

2. PPAP is the fourth stage from APQP (Advanced product quality planning).

3. PPAP ensures to the supplier that the product is manufactured without any defect in the controlled production process.

4. In the automotive industry, PPAP is the document from AIAG (Automotive Industry Action Group).

 

What is PPAP?

1. It is an approval process for the new or revised parts produced from new production methods.

2. PPAP consist of eighteen elements needed for approval.

3.PPAP consist of five submission levels.

4. Also, it is a tool that develops the confidence in the manufacturer and the supplier about the product being produced and supplied by the manufacturer to his supplier.

Why PPAP?

1. PPAP verifies the fact that the manufacturer understands all the design requirements and process developed and he is capable and proven to produce the part as per guidelines by his supplier.

2.PPAP process is only required when there is a change in the process. Also, during machining the new parts the same process is required.

3.During PPAP, a discussion is done with the customer about each parameter being machined. In case, the manufacturer is unable to achieve the specified dimension in the samples, he should inform about it to the customer and if required, he should appeal for more dimensional tolerance to the customer.

 

Documents needed for PPAP: -

1.     Design records.

2.     Engineering change documents.

3.     Customer engineering drawing approval.

4.   DFMEA/PFMEA (Design failure mode effect analysis/ Process failure mode effect analysis)

5.     Part feasibility report.

6.     Process flow diagram.

7.     Control Plan.

8.     Measurement system analysis (Report).

9.     Material Test report.

10.   SPC report.

11.   Dimensional results.

12.   Third-party test report.

13.    List of checking instruments.

14. PSW (Part submission warrant).

15. Product samples.

16. Master sample.

17. Customer-specific requirement.

18. Process drawings.

 

PPAP submission levels

1.     Part submission warrant (PSW) submitted to customer.

2.     PSW with product samples and limited supported data.

3.     PSW with product samples and complete supporting data.

4.     PSW with other requirements from the customer.

5.     PSW with product samples and complete supporting data.

 

Elements of PPAP

1.     Design records: - It shall include the copies of customer and suppliers’ drawings with revision levels. It should also include purchase order and material composition information.

2.     Engineering change: - PPAP is required for a change in product and documentation approving change must be included in PPAP. This copy is an Engineering Change Notice (ECN).

3.     Customer drawing approval: - Here the trial is done at customers premises with production parts from the supplier. Here, all the evidence must be provided with the documentation.

4.     FMEA: - Here the total modes of failure are examined with their possible effects. FMEA is a live document. Risk priority number (RPN) for every possible mode is calculated in FMEA stage.

5.     Part feasibility report: - At this stage, engineering drawing is numbered as per the dimension. And each dimension parameter is cross-checked for its machining feasibility.

6.     Process flow diagram: - It outlines the entire process of the product from start to end.

7.     Control Plan: -It is an output of PFMEA. It includes the list of all the dimensions, inspection methods and special characteristics required while machining to deliver the customer quality requirements.

8. Measurement system analysis: - It includes Gauge repeatability and reproducibility.  Gauge R and R should be below 10%. Study of measuring equipment is done in MSA.

9.     Material Test report: - It should include the documents about the properties of material ex. Mechanical/ Chemical properties, Microstructure etc.

10. SPC: - Initial process study about Statistical process control is done on special characteristics. Here, the process variation is been checked with the 32nos or 50nos of samples reading and Cp and Cpk values are been calculated.

11. Dimensional results: - Dimensional layout of sample parts are prepared at this stage and every dimension is measured after machining of samples.

12. Third-party test report: - Third-party material test report is conducted at this stage. The third-party should be NABL accredited.

13. List of checking instruments: List of gauges required during machining is finalized here.

14. PSW (Part submission warrant): - It is PPAP summery. It includes the reason for submission, level of documents submitted to the customer, supplier authorization signature, declaration of part confirmation. PSW is not required unless the customer specifies it.

15. Product samples: - Samples after machining are sent to the customer and they are either stored at the customer’s end or supplier’s end.

16. Master sample: - It is a final sample product. It is used for the training for operators and long-run production periods.

17. Customer-specific requirement: -At this stage, specific customer requirement is noted in PPAP. If it is not provided by the customer, do not fill it.

18. Process drawings: - After the process is defined, its drawing is been drawn on any 2D/3D software.

 

©

Kaushik