The basic procedure for
the machine design is a simple and straightforward step to step approach from the functional requirement
to the creation of drawings of the final product.
Following is the scenario
in the designing.
·
Begin with the market survey.
·
Go with the in-detail market study and
find out exact need.
·
Define the detail specification of the
product. Here make the detail list of the product specifications. Define the
cost of each one.
·
Find out the alternative mechanism for the
product.
·
Select the mechanism which will suit the product. Here it can be crank and connecting rod or other which will give the
best result. This mechanism should be fitted in the desired cost of the
product.
·
Prepare the detail layout. Here define each
component with its details.
·
Define the assembly methods of the
components and the process.
·
Design all the individual components. Here
total force required should be calculated. Also, material selection plays
a vital role in this process. Along with it, the modes of failure should be determined
in the detail and it should be discussed with the DFMEA.
·
Prepare assembly drawings. Here use the
various design tools.
·
Modify the drawing and finalize them
before the implementation of the product.
While
designing any component the following points should be noted carefully.
· Strength:
- The machine or the product should not fail or stop due to accident or the external
forces acting on it. It should have enough strength to withstand all the forces
acting on it.
· Rigidity:
- The product or machine should be well rigid enough. It should not bend or
deflect at any cost.
· Wear Resistance:
- It is the main reason for the machine breakdown. It reduces the life of the component.
· Lesser dimension and the weight:
- The machine should be strong, rigid and the same time, it should have minimum
dimensions and the weight. This helps to reduce the cost of the machine.
· Manufacturing ability:
- Designed part of the component should be easy for manufacturing with the minimum
cost.
· Safety:
- The shape and the dimensions of the part and component should provide the
safety for the operator of the part or component.
· Conformance to the standards:
- The designed part should be according to international standards.
·
Reliability:
- The machine should be reliable for an extended period of time.
Design of the machine
elements is an important part of the complete designing procedure. Following
are the steps in the machine designing.
·
Define the functions of the element.
·
Find out the forces acting on it.
·
Select a suitable material.
·
Find out the potential failure modes of
the material.
·
Determine the dimensions of the component.
·
Check the dimensions for the assembly.
·
Prepare working drawing
Following are the
functions of some of the machine elements
Bearing:
- It supports the rotating shaft.
Key:
-It transmits the torque between the shaft.
Spring:
- It stores and releases energy.
Screw fastening:
- It holds two-three machine parts together.
While determining the
force, draw the free-body diagram to determine the forces acting.
To be continued….
©
Kaushik
