IP(Intellectual Property) Basics:- Part 2

Development of copyright law in India is closely related to the British Copyright Law. The first copyright act was passed in England titled ‘ Statute of Anne’ which provided the fact that the author of any book already printed or about to print will have a whole and sole right of the printing such a book for the term mentioned in the contract. The copyright act of 1911 in England had codified and consolidated the various earlier copyright acts in the different part of the work. The first copyright act was passed in India somewhere around 1955-56. This was a reflection of the British Copyright act. Then the copyright act of 1957 provided many modifications and changes in the copyright act in India. After 1957, the new copyright amendment act was launched in the 1983. This made many amendments to the previous act of 1957. It was introduced with the object to prevent piracy in the video films and pictures.

Features

1.     Copyright Office and Copyright board were created successfully to help and encourage the registration of the copyright process and settle certain kinds of disputes coming under the act. Another aim was to provide awareness of the copyright process.

2.     Definition of various categories of work for the copyright process and its scope.

3.     Inbuild the awareness and importance of copyright among the artist people.

4.     Process and the provision to determine the ownership of copyright.

5.     Tenure of the copyright.

6.     Definition of the Copyright under different work categories.

7.     All provisions relating to the assignment of ownership and licensing of copyright including the compulsory license in some sectors.

8.     Make the process in an easy way.

9.     Provisions related to the performing rights for the societies.

10. Broadcasting rights.

11. International copyright.

12. Definition of the infringement of the copyright.

13. Author’s rights in the copyright process.

14. Exclusive rights offered.

15. Criminal remedies.

16. Legal proceedings.

17. Entire legal process.

 Interests behind the copyright protection

The copyright protection finds out its justification. When any person produces something with his skill and the knowledge and energy, that thing or the work belongs to him and other person is not at all permitted to take any advantage of that skill and the knowledge and earn money at any case. This was the main reason for the copyright act law of 1957. This act has given special rights to the authors and writers. The object of the act is to protect the copyright of the work from being copied by the unknown sources.

Copyright is the right to stop other people from copying the original work without the permission of the original work creator. If people want to copy, they should take the permission of the original work creator and they should proceed legally. Copyright law prevents the balance between the interests and the rights of the author. In simple words, the original work of any artists or the engineer is to be protected by the copyright law legally. Any person who wants to use the original work should ask the legal permission from the original work creator. If he doesn’t ask for the same, he should be ready to face the legal consequences.

(…To be continued)

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Kaushik

Book Review:-'SACHIN TENDULKAR' playing it my way

Book Review: - Playing it my way.

SACHIN TENDULKAR.

Written by:-Boria Majumdar.

Sachin Tendulkar! A man and a name is just enough to for many Indians. A man who changed our life; a man who played a passionate cricket for 24 years; a man who gave many Indians moments of Happiness from 1990-2013.

Sachin is the greatest run-scorer and run-chaser in the history of the Indian Cricket. He remains the most celebrated cricketer of all the time in the Indian and World history. He received the prestigious Bharat Ratna – India’s highest civilian honour award on the day of his retirement.

In this book, he tells his life story from the beginning. One of the finest saying is been told in this book by his Father who was well-known writer Ramesh Tendulkar.

“Son, your life is a book. It has numerous chapters. It also has many lessons in it. It is made up of a wide variety of experiences and resembles a pendulum where success and failure, joy and sorrow are merely extremes of the central reality. Lessons to be learnt from success and failure are equally important. More often, failure and sorrows are the biggest teachers than success and happiness. You are fortunate to represent your country, and this is the greatest honour. But never forget that this too is the other chapter of the book. How many years the person plays the cricket? Twenty years; if you are good, maybe it will take twenty-five years. Even by that yardstick, you will live most of your years outside the sphere of professional sport. This clearly means that there is more life than cricket. Do not allow the success to breed arrogance in you. If you remain humble, you will receive love and respect. As a parent, I would be happy to listen,’’ Sachin is a good human being” then “Sachin is a great cricketer” any day.’’

This teaching from his father is for everyone. Being born in the middle-class family and the son of the writer, Sachin always remained humble and away from the cricketing glamour throughout life even after retirement from the cricket. His father was a well-known Marathi poet and professor and his mother was working in LIC. Sachin was growing in the middle-class family culture which made him perfect and idle gentlemen throughout his life.

Never a cricketer was carrying a burden of many expectations; never a cricketer performed at such a high level for so long time; never a cricketer scored so many runs for many years in the Test and one day cricket and T-20.

He played a crucial role in winning a world-cup 2011. Along with it, he too faced a share of frustration and failure- from the injuries and early World Cup exits in 2007 along with his unhappy captaincy tenure. This book covers everything from his life. From his childhood to teachings on Shivaji Park to the First tour of Pakistan and ahead of many things.

Despite being a celebrity, Sachin has always remained a very private man; devoted to family and country. He remained humble and down to earth person. He will always be a role model for all the young people of India. He never created any shortcuts for his success. He dreamed of cricket; he lived cricket.

This book will even teach you some of the biggest lessons of life.

Don’t read this for a Cricketer Sachin; read this for a boy; who was born in the middle-class family of the Marathi poet; and later he dreamed, and he chased it till he was a ''SACHIN TENDULKAR.''

Many cricketers will come and retire but no one can be a SACHIN TENDULKAR and no one can receive loud applause in the ground in the chorus

SACHINNNNN! SACHINNNN!

©

Kaushik

Chanakyaniti

Chanakya was an  Indian teacher, philosopher, economist and the advisory and jury member of ancient India. He was master in the three Vedas and the politics. He was also known as Vishnugupta. His teachings and philosophy about life have been a big inspiration. The Teachings of Chanakya are the fuel of life. His teachings are perfect for private and professional life. The man who implements Chanayas teachings is successful in today's world. His teachings are proven in every field. Even if years and centuries go by, even if natural calamities change the face of the planet, the teaching of the great  Chanakya will stay and continue to inspire the common man and the professionals. We will witness some of the teachings of Chanakya.

1.     Worship of elders is the root of humility.

2.     With wisdom, one can prosper.

3.     Work is the root of wealth.

4.     Nothing is attainable by the truthful.

5.     The donation is righteousness.

6.     The bonds of good conduct should never be crossed.

7.     The untrustworthy should not be trusted.

8.     Good behaviour wins even on an enemy.

9.     The low minded are fond of deception.

10. No one should ever be disrespected.

11. The donation follows wealth.

12. Don't debate with fools.

13. The desire for others prosperity is the root of destruction.

14. Overindulgence in senses ages one fast.

15. One should serve a learned master.

16. There is no enemy equal to arrogance.

17. Fame is glorified by learning.

18. Modesty is the ornament of women.

19. A sound intellect in a sound body.

20. Prosperity depends on intellect.

21. Truth leads one to heaven.

22. Good living enhances life span and reputation.

23. There is no scripture greater than good conduct.

24. Women are the field of all evil.

25. If the right advice is followed success comes early.

26. Our rivals get to know our secrets if we are proud.

27. Secrets thoughts and opinions must be secured with all means.

28. Never share your secrets and plan to anyone except parents

29. Test your wife when you lose your wealth; a friend when you need; a servant after giving him an important task

30.  The people who come forward to help you in your bad times are your true people.

31.  Before winning decide the goal.

32.  Stay away from the people who speak in a sweet voice in front of you but speak cruel behind your back about you.

33. Do not trust everyone. The world is full of gamblers.

34.  Don’t overindulge with your child.

35. Power of scholar lies in his knowledge.

36. Power of king lies in his army.

37. Power of servant is in his service.

38. Guess the origin of a person through his behaviour.

39.  An idiot with a plan can easily beat the genius without a plan.

40. A person who remembers a god cannot perform a single sin.

41. Any extreme is not at all good.

42. A dry tree when catches fire, burns the whole forest.

43. Goddess Laxmi blesses the place where fools are not honoured, and husband and wife don’t quarrel.

44. Knowledge is a weapon.

45.  Real knowledge of the man is tested in the bad times.

46. A man with wealth will always honoured.

47. Time is money

48. Do the good things and in return get back the good things.

IP Basics

Copyright is a unique kind of intellectual property. The right which a person acquires in a work, which is a result of his intellectual labour, is called as the copyright. The function of the copyright law is to protect the fruits of a man’s work, labour, skill or test from being taken away by the other person.

The work copies according to the black’s law of dictionary is a transcript, imitation and reproduction of the original writing, painting, instrument or something like that.

Copyright is a literary property which is been recognized by the positive law. An incorporeal right is been granted to the author or originator of certain literary or artistic production whereby he is been invested for the specific time with the sole privilege of multiplying copies of the same and publishing and selling them.

Copyright is some form which is been recognized in ancient times. The Roman law adjudged that if one man wrote anything on the paper or parchment of another, the writing should belong to the owner of the blank material.

The statutory definition of copyright is the exclusive rights to do or authorize others to do certain acts in relation to: -

1.     Musical work

2.     Dramatic work

3.     Literary work

4.     Writing work

5.     Artist work

6.     Cinematographic film

7.     Sound recording

Section 14 of the Copyright Act, 1957 defines the copyright as the above

Following are the characteristics of the copyright

1.     Creation of the Statute

2.     Some form of intellectual property

3.     Monopoly right

4.     Negative Right

5.     Multiple Right

6.     Copyright only in the form not in the idea

7.     Neighbouring rights

Creation of the statute

Copyright creation of the specific statute under the present law. There is no such anything as common-law copyright. No copyright can exist in any work except as provided as in the section 16

Some form of the intellectual right

A copyright is a form of intellectual property since the product over which right is granted ex. Literary work is the result of an investment of intellectual.

Monopoly Right

Copyright is a monopoly right restraining the others from exercising the right which has been given to the owner of the copyright

Negative right

It gives the right to prevent others from copying or reproducing the work

Object of copyright

The main object of the copyright is to encourage authors, composers and the artist people to create the original work by rewarding them with the exclusive right for the specific period to reproduce the works for publishing and selling the work to the public and others

The foundation of the Indian Copyright Law is based on the Eighth Commandment. The basic objective of the Indian Copyright is to protect the man’s skill, labour and artistic work.

Multiple Rights

Copyright is not a single right. It consists of a bunch of different rights in the same work. For the example in the case of the literary work, copyright consists of the right of reproduction in the hardback and paperback editions, the right of serial publication in the newspaper and the magazines, the right of dramatic and cinematographic versions, the right of the translations and adaptations.

Neighbouring Rights

Copyright consists not only the mere rights of reproduction. It also consists of the right to works derived from the original works. Ex. Right of public performance, recording rights and broadcasting rights.

(To be continued…)

©

Kaushik

Automobile Basics- Part 1

Worlds first three-wheeler automobile with Otto cycle petrol engine was built by Karl Benz somewhere around 1886 in Germany. It was granted a patent in 1887. During the same time another team from Germany Gattlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach built and patented the first motorcycle.

The accelerator was invented by the Benz for the speed regulation along with the battery ignition system, spark plug, clutch, gear shift and the radiator for the engine cooling. With the improvements, he started with the production of the automobile somewhere around 1888. During 1894-95 first four-wheeled automobile was introduced by him of his own design.

After that Daimler and the Maybach also produced around thirty vehicles during 1890-1895 at the Daimler works and the Hotel Hermann. During the year 1927, the companies of Benz and Daimler united under the name of Daimler-Benz.

Production of the automobiles in France was started by the Emile Levassor and Armond Peugeot using the same Daimler engines in 1890. The first American Car was launched during 1877 by the George Baldwin. Large scale production of the automobiles begin in 1902 and it was expanded by the Henry Ford.

Components of the automobile:-

1.     Basic Structure

2.     Power Plant

3.     Transmission System

4.     The auxiliaries

5.     The controls

6.     Superstructure

Basic Structure

It consists of the following things

o   Frame

o   Suspension system

o   Axles

o   Wheels

o   Tyres

Frame

There are two forms of the frame.

1.Conventional pressed steel frame.

2.Integral or frameless construction.

Frameless construction is only possible only in the case of the closed cars since the roof, screen, pillars, door pillars are essential load-taking parts.

It too has some advantages.

1.     It reduces the weight and fuel consumption.

2.     It lowers manufacturing costs.

3.  During the collision of the vehicles, it absorbs the shock due to the impact and it provides safety to the passengers.

Disadvantages

1.     Reduction of strength

2.     Reduces durability

3.     It is affordable only if the frameless construction is used in the mass production

4.      It increases the maintenance and repair costs

Suspension System:-

1.     It prevents from the road shocks

2.     It increases the stability of the vehicle

3.     There are 2 types of the suspension system

4.     First one is the conventional system in which the road springs are attached to the rigid beam axle

5.     The second one is an independent system in which there is no rigid axle beam and each wheel is free to move vertically without any reaction

Axles

There are three types of liver axles

1.     Fully floating type

2.     Three quarter floating type

3.     Semi-floating type

Wheels

 Wire-spoked wheels have been used mainly on the sports car, primarily on account of their lightweight and quickness in changing the wheel.

Engine

The engine provides the motive power for all the various functions which the vehicle or any part may be called to perform

Transmission system

It consists of the following

1.     Clutch

2.     Gear Box

3.     Propeller shaft

Propeller shaft transmits the torque output from the gearbox to the rear axle

The function of the transmission system

1.     It disconnects the engine from the road wheels when desired.

2.      It connects the engine to the driving wheels without shock.

3.      It reduces the engine speed in the fixed ratio

4.      It helps the drive to turn in the right angle

( to be continued….)

©

Kaushik